We use solvents practically every day. At work, exposure can occur when handling paints, coatings, dip tanks, thinners, degreasers, cleaners, glues or mastics. Because of their widespread use, it’s important to understand the hazards associated with this group of chemicals, generally called “solvents.”

For practical purposes, a solvent is simply a liquid capable of dissolving specific solids or liquids. Some of the solvents we use daily are hazardous. Petroleum-based solvents are the most common type used in industry. As part of your job, it’s important to understand the risks of working with or around solvents.

SOLVENT EXPOSURE

• Absorption through the skin: If there are no barriers between the solvent and your skin, the chemical can be absorbed directly.

• Inhalation: Breathing solvent vapors can quickly introduce the chemical into your bloodstream through your lungs.

• Ingestion: Swallowing the chemical can occur if proper hygiene is not followed after handling solvents. Direct contact with your hands and mouth while eating or smoking may lead to accidental ingestion.

• Puncture wounds: Tools or objects coated with solvent can puncture the skin, directly introducing toxic chemicals into the body.

OVEREXPOSURE 

Overexposure to solvents can cause a variety of health problems. The body reacts differently depending on the type of solvent. Skin contact may cause minor rashes or allergic reactions when the solvent dissolves the skin’s natural oils. Some workers can develop sensitization to a particular chemical or product. Sensitization makes the body overly sensitive, so even slight exposure can trigger adverse or serious reactions. Severe overexposure can lead to illnesses that cause organ or tissue damage.

As with any chemical, important safety information is included in the product’s Safety Data Sheet (SDS). The SDS provides guidance on safe use, handling, disposal and protection methods, among other details.

HAZARDOUS VS NON HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL WASTE

Hazardous waste can harm people or the environment if disposed of improperly, such as in a landfill. It is isolated and stored in special facilities where it can be measured and monitored. Hazardous waste may be toxic, poisonous, ignitable or corrosive. Nonhazardous waste is general trash that can be disposed of in standard ways.

ACTION ITEM

Review several SDS’s that you have, noting the safety listings for each. Chemicals are all different; there isn’t on answer for dealing with all. For example, some may need to be flushed out of your eyes with water, while for others if water is added it could cause blindness.

If anyone goes to the hospital after exposure to a chemical, make sure a copy of the SDS is sent to the hospital to aid in treatment.

RESOURCES AND REFERENCES

VOSHA/OSHA Standards 29CFR1910 and 1926 for more information.

http://osha.gov/law-regs.html